1.
Introduction and Overview
1.1.
Significance of Image Characteristics
1.2.
Topics to be Covered
2.
Medical Image Characteristics and Quality Factors
2.1.
Contrast
2.2.
Blur
2.3.
Noise
2.4.
Artifacts
2.5.
Spatial and Geometric
3.
Contrast
3.1.
Image Contrast
3.1.1.
Concept
3.1.2.
Visual Appearance
3.2.
Object Physical Contrast
3.2.1.
Concept
3.2.2.
Imaging Modality Specific
3.3.
Procedure Contrast Sensitivity
3.3.1.
Concept
3.3.2.
Clinical Significance
4.
Blur
4.1.
Concept
4.2.
Effects On:
4.2.1.
Visibility of Anatomical Detail
4.2.2.
Image Sharpness
4.2.3.
Spatial Resolution
4.3.
Comparison and Range of Values For:
4.3.1.
Mammography
4.3.2.
Radiography
4.3.3.
Fluoroscopy
4.3.4.
Computed Tomography
4.3.5.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
4.3.6.
Ultrasound
4.3.7.
Gamma Camera
4.3.8.
Positron Emission Tomography
5.
Visual Noise
5.1.
Concept and Significance in Medical Imaging
5.2.
Visual Appearance
5.3.
Effect on Visibility of Objects and Structures
6.
Artifacts
6.1.
Concept
6.2.
General Visual Appearance
6.3.
Imaging Modality Specific
6.4.
Clinical Significance
7.
Spatial and Geometric Characteristics
7.1.
Imaging Views
7.1.1.
Projection
7.1.2.
Tomography
7.1.3.
Volume and 3D
7.2.
Geometric Magnification
7.2.1.
Concept
7.2.2.
Factors Affecting Magnification
7.2.3.
Clinical Significance
7.3.
Distortion
7.3.1.
General Concept
7.3.2.
Size Distortion
7.3.3.
Shape Distortion
7.3.4.
Position Distortion
7.3.5.
Location Distortion
8.
Image Viewing and Perception
8.1.
Object Characteristics that Affect Visibility
8.1.1.
Size
8.1.2.
Contrast
8.1.3.
Edge Sharpness
8.1.4.
Background
8.2.
Viewing Conditions
8.2.1.
Image Luminance (Brightness)
8.2.2.
Glare
8.2.3.
Room Illumination
8.2.4.
Distance
8.3.
Human Visual Capability
8.3.1.
Normal Limitations
8.3.2.
Abnormal Conditions and Corrections
8.3.3.
Lens for Enhanced Viewing
9.
Observer Performance
9.1.
Concept and Overview
9.2.
Diagnostic Performance
9.2.1.
Sensitivity
9.2.2.
Specificity
9.2.3.
True Positive
9.2.4.
False Positive
9.2.5.
True Negative
9.2.6.
False Negative
9.3.
Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves
9.3.1.
Concept
9.3.2.
Human Operating Point
9.3.3.
Clinical Applications
